Disclaimer - The article was written for an Internal white paper contest, back in 2011. The content might be outdated but the thought process is still relevant. This paper had secured the first price and was awarded Apple iPad by Apple Inc.
Abstract— Man to machine interaction is the area of machine learning which is a part of artificial intelligence (AI). AI, robotics, and the integration of machines with the system bring the evolution of Intelligent systems.
As such, I believe that our human body is a brilliant machine, made up of the brain as the operating system, hardware, data transmission system, storage unit, process unit, rectification and security system, rotatory body, and optical unit. On the whole, it comes with a brilliant machine that has unlimited processing power and thinking ability. It can store millions of thoughts and data in the brain. AI just tries to get the replica of the human body in the form of machines and technology.
This paper introduces the development of a product and machine, which behaves like a human body, interacts with the human, and gets feedback from it. If we look into the manufacturing industry and Hi-Tech devices, it requires lots of physical and manual operation. Sometimes it would not be convenient to operate the machine manually. It would be visionary if we would come up with technology and innovation, which would make human life prosperous, here I will give it a try.
This technology is mainly meant to serve mankind and the scope of its evolution is “ Beyond Imagination “. Here I will introduce some of the systems, machines, and technology, which could help us to come up with remarkable Hi-Technology innovation and would become milestones in the era of “Man –To-Machine interaction”. Virtual Image generation of the caller would be a remarkable innovation in the Hi-Tech domain.(iPhone Apps)
Keywords— Artificial Intelligence, Man –To-Machine interaction, Virtual Image generation of the caller.
INTRODUCTION
In 1950 Alan Turing considered the question “Can machines think?” Turing’s answer to this question was to define the meaning of the term ‘think’ in terms of a conversational scenario, whereby if an interrogator cannot reliably distinguish between a machine and a human-based solely on their conversational ability, then the machine could be said to be thinking. We are making machines thoughtful so that they can work as human desire.
Image 1: Humanoid Robot (Imagination) [10].
Artificial Intelligence is the emerging technology for future markets and upcoming generations. It is an area of computer science focusing on creating machines that can engage in behaviors that humans consider intelligent. The ability to create intelligent machines has intrigued humans since ancient times and today with the advent of the computer and 50 years of research into AI programming techniques, the dream of smart machines is becoming a reality. Researchers are creating systems that can mimic human thought, understand speech, beat the best human chess player, and countless other feats never before possible.
We could see day-to-day advancement in Artificial Intelligent and it has broader aspects. A simple manifestation would be a search engine – such as Google. More sophisticated AI systems would include agents that make autonomous decisions – such as Apple’s SIRI. Using AI as a part of Hi-Tech innovation would be a common trend soon.
Machines have a limitation; they require human intervention for operations because still they are not able to think like a human, are they? This would become a problem when we would think of the smooth functioning of machines without human intervention for certain situations.
The new generation of artificial intelligence technologies also holds considerable promise in helping improve the forecasting process including such applications as product demand, employee turnover, cash flow, distribution requirements, manpower forecasting, and inventory. These AI-based systems are designed to bridge the gap between the two traditional forecasting approaches: managerial and quantitative. In simple words, AI governs economics also.
II. PROOF THE PROBLEM EXISTS
In this era of science and technology although humans have made life comfortable and brought the solution for many consequences what humans have faced in the past. But still, there are some situations where we need to work on better rectification of existing solutions and to make it less vulnerable.
AI covers a vast area and network under its operational solution and product behavior John McCarthy coined the term to mean "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines."
Computers and the Internet drive the modern world. In this world, we use many techniques to process our own important data. We can access our important data remotely through the Internet and secure login. But here comes the arena of cybercrime, where our data could be hacked and malfunctioning can occur. This could cost the business millions of dollars and the organization can lose its important visionary data. Cyber security and data mining is a great area of concern for the information world. AI provides the solution for those securities
The large organization deals with the customer and inventory data on a large scale. It is important to protect the data from hackers and viruses and other such things, which could deteriorate or steal the data.
In our day-to-day life, we deal with machines and it is necessary to operate them efficiently. Lack of efficiency could cause problems with data loss and unexpected output. AI could be used for better rectification.
When we talk about telecommunication, although video calling and teleconferencing have become we can think about applications and solutions, which could be better, scintillating, attractive, secure, and desirable. Which could boost the security of information delivered on call. Here the intelligent system can be embedded with mobile to come up with such an application. (This will be discussed later.)
ADDITIONAL PROBLEM
The computer industry deals with the human world, their problem, and solution. There are many problems that come along the way and can be stated as:
A. Inefficient pattern recognition
AI is not yet widespread and the technology, which is being used, is not efficient to match and detect the pattern (i.e. face pattern, prints, Handwriting, etc.). This inefficiency could lead to vulnerable security and could cause fraud usages of important data. [2] -[9]
B. Bio-informatics
It contains biological information e.g. thumbprint, eye and face pattern, voice recognition. Although we have a device, which would handle and store the pattern but still speed and accuracy is the area of concern. [2] -[9]
That little concern includes:
Data Mining
b. Bio-Medical Informatics
C. Speed and accuracy in Expert Systems
It includes diagnosis and decision making of the problem, which could be stated as follows:
Diagnosis and Trouble-Shooting
Decision Making
Design and Manufacturing
Process Monitoring and Control
EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment)
D. Computer Vision
Vision involves both the acquisition and processing of visual information. The problem contains image stabilization, 3 D modeling, image synthesis, surgical navigation, handwritten document recognition, and vision-based computer interfaces. [2] -[9]
E. Speed and accuracy in Image Processing
It deals with the processing of Images at the time of data transmission or computer vision. The problem includes the speed and accuracy of Image processing [2] -[9]
F. Lack of Speed and accuracy in document Search
At the small level, if we think, a student or any professional may have lots of PDF or word documents in his/her system. Normally the titles of the PDFs are the folder name. The system search can only show the file's name, not the content. It’s not easy to remember which document contains that specified data if no of the files is large. This could be the major probable when we think at the organizational level. AI can help to figure out and to give a proper solution. It will be useful at the system as well organizational level. (Prototype of document search could be availed) [2] -[9]
IV. BASIC SOLUTION
Cybersecurity can be achieved through a firewall over the network following TCP/ IP protocol over OSI mode. These firewalls are designed for the network and could be varying with requirements. These firewalls are efficient up to a certain level but still, a security breach is possible because humans would design the firewall and obviously there would be a limit. Also, Firewall doesn’t have intuition and thinking ability what a hacker does which again makes it vulnerable.
In the manufacturing industry, we generally operate the machine manually. We have the manpower for that and skilled labor can do the job well. But all the time it’s neither efficient nor sufficient for efficient output. Artificial intelligence is being used today for many different purposes throughout the world. It can create safer environments for workers by using robots in dangerous situations.
In the fast-growing communication world, we have the Internet, television, telephone, and mobile. These all deal with the data transmission over the network of different mediums. Again encryption of data is important. So far we use cryptography to protect the data, security researchers aimed to fix the leaks in the plumbing of the computing infrastructure or design infrastructures they deemed leak-proof.
These data transmission could be done through VoIP, mobile, Internet, Ethernet, etc. These are the technology, which has
Reduced the distance of words and made life convenient for humans. Bust still there is some way where we could enhance the existing technology and can develop new product and protocol which would be more secure using AI. [2] -[9]
These technologies have become mobile and could be easily operated through a mobile device or mobile phone. I would like to aid up a few more innovations on Hi-Technology, which would make it more attractive and less vulnerable.
V. HI –TECHNOLOGY WITH SENSING AND IMAGE PROCESSING
Mobile Phone Application Enhancement
AI is an extraordinary field, which could make the life of humans prosperous and could reduce the distance of ‘Men – To – Machine’ interaction. So far we have seen products with AI functionality such as Google and Apple’s SIRI. Here I would like to introduce my own original idea.
Idea and Application (Skyscraper future application)
If we talk about the feature in a normal phone, we are very much comfortable to associate a particular ringtone with a specific caller. Later came 3-G and 4-G technology, which led this up to face–to–face talks.
Here the idea is, we can generate a Virtual photo of the caller [11] whenever he makes a call. This Virtual Photo or say illusion of a caller will appear just above the phone in space (or say sky) and we can easily identify it and it would be quite visible, attractive, and scintillating.
[10].
Ultrasound To Produce Virtual Objects In Mid - Air (Mobile & Gaming Application) [1].
We can employ a no of transducers that emits ultrasound. Sound is a pressure wave, meaning that as the inaudible sound waves from each of the transducers interfere, these can create a focal point that is perceived as a solid object.
The team's prototype system includes a camera that tracks the position of the user's hand and shifts the output from the transducers to move the focus around with the hand. The result is a feeling of tracing the edge or surface of virtual objects.
Image 3: Ultrasound to produce Virtual Objects. (Gaming and Mobile Application) [10].
D. Future Application
It could be used to generate the Image of the Caller. It would be a fascinating mobile application.
Although the prototype has already been implemented in the area of video games still we can think of it in a broader aspect i.e. mobile application, Object detection, etc.
It could also be used to trace the image of the moving objects, moving in the dark or in hidden places. It could be used to generate fake images and much more application would be awaited.
It would also help the army in terms of camouflage. Which is really important to create the illusion for the enemy and to win the battle.
E. Document Search Tool: ‘Vivek’
A simple database can be created with the help of an oracle. Which stores the tagged data of text files and other data helps in opening the files directly, which is required without scanning the whole file manually.
A student or any professional may have lots of PDF or word documents in his/her system. Normally the titles of the PDFs are the folder name.
The system search can only show the file's name, not the content. It’s not easy to remember which document contains that data XYZ if the number of files is large.
This tool helps in searching the word or references within the document.
Explanation:
After the installation of the tool, any document opens in their respected ways along with a popup window at the corner of the screen.
Now while reading the document if any important line or word comes we can tag it in the pop-up window. This window stores the address of the file and then the line of reference (where the word is).
Later when we need to go through the same part of the document, and if we don’t remember which file actually contains that, we can use this software. All the tagged words and sentences will be listed and the required text can be selected which then opens the file.
This tool helps us to search all types of data, which would be tagged in the windows. This tool would be efficient for all the language and data types. Below is the Image, which shows the capability of the tool
Image: Document Search Tool: ‘Vivek’
VI.APPLICATION IN THE FIELD OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Pattern Recognition
a. Fraud Detection and Prevention
b. Face Recognition
c. Handwriting Recognition
Pattern Recognition in Ai is the research area that studies the operation and design of systems that recognize patterns in data. When a program makes observations of some kind, it is often programmed to compare what it sees with a pattern. For example, a vision program may try to match a pattern of eyes and a nose in a scene in order to find a face. [2] -[9]
Fraud Detection and prevention in AI performs a really very good task for the bankers. If your card use has been queried, it's probably because more banks are now using artificial intelligence software to try to detect fraud. The fraud was reduced by 30% by 2003. The artificial intelligence community is constantly bringing us new solutions. [2] -[9]
In the field of Ai, we can say that face recognition plays an important role in any kind of industry, as there will be security in each and every application they are working with systems and other machines. When the person moves away from the computer, it automatically locks the machine.
Face recognition is used to unlock the machine without the need to enter a password via the keyboard. This prevents others from using the computer because their faces are not likely to match the original user's stored, face model.
Handwriting recognition is one of the most promising methods of Interacting with small portable computing devices, such as personal digital assistants, is the use of handwriting in Ai. In order to make this communication method more natural, they proposed to observe visually the writing process on an ordinary paper and to automatically recover the pen trajectory from numerical tablet sequences. [2] -[9]
Bio-informatics
a. Data Mining
b. Bio-Medical Informatics
AI provides several powerful algorithms and techniques for solving important problems in bioinformatics and chemoinformatics. Approaches like Neural Networks, Hidden Markov Models, Bayesian Networks, and Kernel Methods are ideal for areas with lots of data but very little theory. The goal of applying AI to bioinformatics and chemo-informatics is to extract useful information from the wealth of available data by building good probabilistic models.
Data Mining is an AI-powered tool that can discover useful information within a database that can then be used to improve actions.
Bio-Medical Informatics in the field of Ai is a combination of
the expertise of medical informatics in developing clinical applications and the focused principles that have the background- guided bioinformatics could create a synergy between the two areas of application.
Expert Systems
a. Diagnosis and Trouble-Shooting
b. Decision Making
c. Design and Manufacturing
d. Process Monitoring and Control
e. EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment)
Expert System in Ai is the knowledge-based applications of artificial intelligence that have enhanced productivity in business, science, engineering, and the military. With advances in the last decade, today's expert systems clients can choose from dozens of commercial software packages with easy-to-use interfaces.
Diagnosis and Trouble-shooting explain the development and testing of a condition-monitoring sub- module of an integrated plant maintenance management application based on AI techniques, mainly knowledge-based systems, having several modules, sub-modules, and sections. [2] -[9]
Intelligent Decision Support Systems have the potential to transform human decision making by combining research in artificial intelligence, information technology, and systems engineering. The field of intelligent decision-making is expanding rapidly due, in part, to advances in artificial intelligence and network-centric environments that can deliver the technology. Communication and coordination between dispersed systems can deliver just-in-time information, real-time processing, collaborative environments, and globally up-to-date information to a human decision-maker. [2] -[9]
Design and Manufacturing in the field of Ai is a special issue with the latest development in the research and application of AI techniques for product development problems. The main objective is to present some research initiatives that promise a high level of success in the industries.
Process Monitoring and Control a generic AI architecture for intelligent monitoring and control, suitable for application in multiple domains like in the domain of patient monitoring in a Surgical intensive care unit (SICU).
EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) Expert systems are promising technologies that manage information demands and provide the required expertise. They thus seem well suited to many of the tasks associated with EIA. Additional advantages of using expert systems for EIA are:
1. Expert systems help users cope with large volumes of EIA work
2. Expert systems deliver EIA expertise to the non-expert
3. Expert systems enhance user accountability for decisions reached and
4. Expert systems provide a structured approach to EIA. Because the application of expert system technology to EIA is relatively new, one might consider the technology as too advanced and not appropriate for developing countries. This is not true, and expert systems are slowly being disseminated throughout developing countries in Asia and the Pacific.
Computer Vision
Vision involves both the acquisition and processing of visual information. AI-powered technologies have made possible such astounding achievements as vehicles that are able to safely steer themselves along our superhighways, and computers that can recognize and interpret facial expressions. AI vision technology has made possible such applications as image stabilization, 3 D modeling, image synthesis, surgical navigation, handwritten document recognition, and vision-based computer interfaces. [2] -[9]
Image Processing
The image formation and processing group is concerned with research issues related to the acquisition, manipulation, and synthesis of images. In AI, applications include videophone, teleconferencing, and multimedia databases. Increasingly, this research has combined image or vision with audio or speech. For example in the video indexing project, the group is using both visual and audio cues to derive semantic labels for video shots. [2]-[9]
Robotics
a. Cybernetics
b. Commercial and Research Applications
c. Sensors in robots
Programming computers to see and hear and react to other sensory stimuli. In the area of robotics, computers are now widely used in assembly plants, but they are capable only of very limited tasks. Robots have great difficulty identifying objects based on appearance or feel, and they still move and handle objects clumsily.
Cybernetics- In the field of computer science applies the concept of cybernetics to the control of devices and the analysis of information. In robotics, it controls the mechanisms. Robots are several systems working together as a whole. In Ai, the action capability is physically interacting with the environment; two types of sensors have to be used in any robotic system:
Proprioceptors for the measurement of the robot’s (internal) parameters;
2. Extero-ceptors for the measurement of its environmental (external, from the robot point of view) parameters.
VII. CONCLUSION
In this paper, I have presented the vast application, development, and research in Artificial Intelligence. The motivation of our research is the development of a computer program that can converse in natural language, and it is our firm conviction that a prerequisite for the development of such a system is a commitment to Turing’s understanding of intelligence. [2] -[9]
In the Hi-Tech environment, there is always a chance of growth. This paper is intended for Hi-Tech mobile and gaming applications, simultaneously it will help to decrease the distance between machines and human thinking ability. [2] - [9]
Virtual Image generation of the caller is my original idea and I am working towards it. I hope in the recent future it would be a major mobile application with various levels of advantage because this technology could help up to transfer data efficiently with rapid speed. We have seen the application of ultrasound. Generating a virtual object can have many applications such as giving virtual feedback, operating a machine virtually, spy usage, camouflaging, and many more.
Cybersecurity and data mining is again a major area of concern and as of now, this AI has got enough intellect to solve this ever-growing animal. [2] -[9]
Machine learning with AI would help us to interact with the machine in an incompatible way. We could see the embedded system of the Apple iPhone and other major applications of AI used in day-to-day life. AI is vast; its application is beyond
our imagination. Hope they see the machine working with a human. It will lead to sustaining the growth of humans in harmony with nature. [2] -[9]
REFERENCES
[1].Japanese prof. Takayuki Iwamoto, University of JAPAN.Prof. Iwamoto envisions marrying the approach with 3-D modeling software and Video - Game.(i.e. Ultrasound to produce virtual object)
[2].A.M. Turing, “Computing machinery and intelligence," in Collected Works of A.M. Turing: Mechanical Intelligence, D.C. Ince, Ed., chapter 5, pp. 133 (160). Elsevier Science Publishers, 1992.
[3].http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=47312 [4].http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/doi/
[5].http://hothardware.com/News/Feeling-Virtual-Environments-With- Ultrasound/
[6].http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Artificial_intelligence
[9].http://www.intechopen.com/books/human-computer- interaction/interaction-paradigms-for-bare-hand-interaction-with- large-displays-at-a-distance
[10]. Google Images
[11]. Virtual Image Generation of Caller ©, Area of research by Hridayesh Vishwakarma